试论麦冬裁培的生物学基础

BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF OPHIOPOGON JAPONICUS(L.F.)KER-GAWL IN CULTIVATION

采用定点观察、解剖和组织培养的方法,分析麦冬生长发育规律。结果表明:胚乳不能供应养分使胚成熟。剪去块根后花原基失去贮藏物质而发育夭折。麦冬用种苗进行繁殖,前期发育营养根、后期发育贮藏根。要使麦冬增产就必须争取贮藏根的数量。块根的膨大是由于皮层薄膜细胞有限的分裂和体积的扩大。栽培麦冬时不定根发生需要15℃以上的温度。整个生育期内要求前期荫蔽、80%的田间持水量和结构良好的沙壤土。

The growing and developmental laws of O.japonicas were studied with several defined plants,and with their dissection and tissure culture.It was found that the endosperm of O.japonicas was unable to provide its embryo with adequate nutrition for mature.The flower primordium died of losing sus pply of the storage nutrients after the tuber roots were cut off.The seedlings of O.japonicas were sexually propagated.During the first period of their development,the feed(?)r roots were developed;during the later period,howe- ver,the storage roots were developed.It was essential to increase the numb- er of the storage roots in order to achieve larger quantity.The swell of the tuber roots was caused by the definite division and expansion of the thin-wall cells of the cortex.It required more than 15℃ to induce the adventitious ro- ots.During the full growth and development period of O.japonicus,the sh- ade in the prestage 80% of field capacity and the sandy-loam soil with good structure were required.