贵州省粮食生产空间差异与粮食安全度分析

Analysis of Spatial Differences of Grain Production and Degree of Food Security in Guizhou

以2000-2011年间贵州省省域与县域粮食产量为本底数据,借助空间可视化的Arc GIS软件与粮食安全度模型,对贵州省县域粮食生产空间差异、增长率、生产潜力及粮食安全度进行量化,并与同期全国粮食安全度对比分析.结果表明:(1)遵义市、六盘水市、毕节市共26县域单位占贵州省多年平均粮食总产量的49.38%,而贵阳市、安顺市、铜仁地区、黔西南州及黔南州共66县域单位仅为50.62%,县域粮食产量从东南至西北逐渐上升,空间差异显著;(2)2000-2011年县域粮食产量在波动中增长,其中粮食增加较快的县(市)主要分布在黔南州、六盘水市、黔西南州和毕节市,多年平均增长率在12%-36%;(3)农业生产潜力以黔东南州、黔南州、遵义市与铜仁市最低,安顺市与贵阳市稍高,六盘水市、毕节市与黔西南州最高;(4)12年间贵州省人均粮食产量增势明显,平均增速0.85%,人均粮食占有299.4kg,粮食安全状况有效改善,多年平均粮食安全指数为74.3,但仍低于全国平均水94.29,尚未进入"基本安全"级与"安全"级.

Based on provincial and county food production statistics from 2000 to 2011 in Guizhou Province, and adopted ArcGIS spatial visualization software and food security model,the spatial differences of county food production,growth rate,production potential and the degree of food security were calculated and analyzed in this paper,and further comparison with comparative analysis of national food safety was also conducted. The results show that:1)26 counties in Guizhou,such as Zunyi City,Liupanshui City,Bijie City,accounted for 49. 38% of the annual average grain production,and the rest 66 counties,such as Guiyang,Anshun City,Tongren Prefec-ture,Southwest of Guizhou Qiannan,only for 50. 62%. County grain production increased gradually from south-east to northwest,their space is significantly different;2 )Food production in Counties revealed fluctuations in gradual growth,including the fast-increasing counties( cities)located in Qiannan,Liupanshui,Qianxinan and Bijie between 2000-2011 ,and the years average growth rates were between 12% and 36%;3 )Potential agri-cultural production in the eastern ,northern and southern regions was the highest,the central region followed, and the lowest was in the western region;and 4 )There was a remarkable increase of the per capita food produc-tion during 12 years in Guizhou Province with an average growth rate of 0 . 85 percent and the per capita share of grain was 299. 4kg. The index of years average food safety was 74. 3 effectively that indicated the food security was largely improved ,although it is still below 94 . 29 of the national average index that is beyond the level of the〞basic safety〞 and the 〞safety 〞.