现代蒙古语喀喇沁土语词内元音音长研究

On Inner Word Vowel Length in Contemporary Mongolian Kalaqin Dialect

蒙古语喀喇沁土词内元音音长有以下特点:语音节类型相同时,以音节数量的增多而音长缩短;音节数量相同时,元音开头音节的元音要长于辅音开头音节的元音;相同音节的词首音节之元音音长要长于词末音节元音。此外,单音节的短元音要比双音节和三音节的短元音长;浊辅音和不送气塞擦音后的元音相对长,其次是塞音之后的元音,擦音和送气塞擦音之后的元音最短。影响音节长度的首要因素是元音长短,其次是位置,短元音向词尾缩短,长元音按词尾、词首、词中的位置不同而依次延长。

The vowels in words in Mongolian Kalapin dialect have the following features:when appearing in the same type of syllable,vowels become shorter due to the increase of syllables;when appearing in the same number of syllables,vowels in a syllable beginning with vowels are pronounced longer than those vowel after consonants;when appearing in the same kind of syllables,the vowels that begin words are longer than vowels that end the syllable.Besides,vowels after stops,fricatives and affricates are the shortest.Factors that influence the length of syllables are vowels’length and their position.Short vowels are shorter when they appear at the final position of a syllable,and long vowels are longer when they appear at the final,beginning and in the middle of a syllable accordingly.