凉山地区教育获得差异与教育精准扶贫新思路:基于民、汉学生受教育年限的基尼系数分析(2000—2015)

Educational Attainment in Liangshan: Analyses with Education Gini Coefficient(2000-2015)

使用凉山州2010年人口普查资料和凉山地区2000年、2007年及2015年各阶段的在校学生数据,计算出凉山地区汉族和少数民族学生的平均受教育年限、教育基尼系数以及教育基尼系数的民族分解和城乡分解。通过与全国其他地区和民族的横向比较发现:2010年凉山地区教育获得水平显著偏低,民族差异是导致教育获得差异的决定因素。通过对凉山地区近15年来教育获得的纵向比较,发现以下四点特征:第一,凉山地区汉族和少数民族教育获得水平均显著提高;第二,凉山地区教育获得的族际差异现象更为突出;第三,民族因素成为导致凉山地区教育不均衡的重要影响因素;第四,农村少数民族内部教育不均衡加剧。建议集中教育资源大力提升凉山二、三类地区农村少数民族教育水平。

Using students’enrollment data of 2000,2007 and 2015 from Liangshan Prefecture and Liangshan’s census data of 2010,we calculated the average years of schooling of Han and minority students,education Gini coefficient and their decompositions.A horizontal comparison between Liangshan and other areas and ethnic groups in China shows that the level of educational attainment was significantly low in Liangshan in 2010,and ethnic differences are the determinants of educational inequality.While a longitudinal comparison of educational attainment in recent 15 years shows that 1)educational attainment level of Han and minority students has been markedly ameliorated from 2000;2)educational inequality has been aggravated without exception;3)ethnic differences are important factors of educational inequality;and 4)educational inequality in rural ethnic groups has aggravated.It is suggested that educational resources should be centralized to improve educational level of rural ethnic groups in the second and third class areas of Liangshan.