内地西藏、新疆高中班民族团结教育调查研究

Investigation of National Unity Education of Hinterland High School Classes for Ethnic Students from Tibet and Xinjiang

具有维护祖国统一和民族团结的政治立场是内高班人才培养的首要目标。本研究对内高班民族团结教育的现状和成效进行了实证调查。通过对北京市10所内高班承办学校的主管领导进行访谈,总结出内高班实施民族团结教育的三种主要途径:一是开展形式多样、内容丰富的民族团结教育主题活动;二是将课堂教学作为民族团结教育的主渠道和主阵地;三是形成了各具特色的学校民族团结教育管理或校本课程开发模式。如何有效促进内高班学生的学习、生活适应以及如何增进内高班学生和本地学生之间的相互理解是内高班民族团结教育面临的两个重要挑战。通过对北京市3077名内高班学生和100名内高班教师进行问卷调查,结果表明:(1)内高班民族团结教育整体上取得了较好的成效,学生的国家认同态度总体正向、积极;(2)促进族际交往是进一步提升民族团结教育成效的关键,而混合编班更有利于各民族学生之间的族际交往;(3)内高班教师接受的多元文化教育培训相对缺乏;(4)内高班封闭式管理制度"严格有余,理解不足"。在此基础上提出了进一步推进混班教学,加强内高班教师的多元文化教育培训,搭建广泛的社会融入平台等提高内高班民族团结教育成效的针对性建议。

The primary objective of hinterland high school classes for ethnic students is to cultivate talents to safeguard reunification of China and national unity.Based on superintendents’interviews of 10 responsibility schools running hinterland high school classes for ethnic students in Beijing,an empirical study was made to investigate the present situation and effectiveness of national unity education of these classes.The three ways to implement the national unity education are summarized as 1)organizing various theme activities with rich contents;2)using classroom teaching as the main channel and platform of the education;and 3)forming management or school-based curriculum model of the education with their own characteristics.The two challenges are how to effectively improve students’adaptability to school learning and life and how to increase mutual understanding between students of hinterland high school classes and local students.The results of a questionnaire investigation of 3077 students and 100 teachers show that 1)overall,the effect of national unity education is satisfactory and students have a positive attitude toward national identity;2)students’inter-ethnic contact is the key to further promote the national unity education effect,and the mixed class is more beneficial to students’inter-ethnic contact;3)there is a lack of multicultural education training for teachers;and 4)the closed management system is more rigor than understanding.Finally,some targeted suggestions are proposed,including further promoting mixed class education,strengthening multi-cultural education training of teachers,and building a platform for social integration.