接轨大循环,优化小循环:提升民族地区理科教育质量研究——基于甘肃藏区的田野调查

Connecting the Large Cycle and Optimizing the Small Cycle: A Study of Improving the Quality of Science Education in Ethnic Areas——Based on Field Investigations in Tibetan-inhabited Areas of Gansu Province

当前我国民族地区基础教育中学生理科学习困难突出,教育教学质量不高,学生在高中分科选择时普遍畏惧理科而选择文科,民族类高校专业设置结构性失衡,文科专业学生所占比例远远超过理科专业学生。民族教育中的理科教育问题,不论是对民族地区的经济社会发展,还是对民族教育质量提升都产生了重大影响。本文以甘肃藏区为个案,通过对影响民族理科教育质量的'民族教育体系封闭'和'民族教育质量薄弱'两方面原因进行深入分析后,提出'接轨普通教育大循环,优化民族教育小循环'的思路,即在构建开放、融合的民族教育体系的前提下,以双语教学模式调整为基础,以高考招生制度改革为导向,以民族地区理科师资建设为突破口,以课堂教学方式变革为辅助,多管齐下,有效提升民族地区理科教育质量。

Nowadays,middle school students in ethnic areas have many difficulties in science learning.Because of a poor quality of science education in elementary education,students usually give up science and choose arts in high school.In addition,the unbalanced structure of specialty setting in ethnic colleges causes a higher proportion of students studying arts than that of students studying science.This science education problem in ethnic education has affected not only the economic and social development in ethnic areas,but also the improvement of ethnic education quality.Through field investigations in Tibetan-inhabited areas of Gansu,this paper makes a deep analysis of the reasons for closed and weak ethnic education influencing the quality of science education in ethnic areas.Based on this,it puts forward the idea of connecting the large circle of general education and optimizing the small cycle of ethnic education,that is,to improve the quality of science education through a variety of methods such as constructing an open and comprehensive ethnic education system,adjusting bilingual teaching mode,reforming college entrance examination system,building the team of science teachers in ethnic areas,and changing teaching mode.