南药“龙花”的本草考证

Herbal Textual Research of the Nanyao “Dragon Flower”

南药"龙花"出自出自宋代《证类本草》,可追溯至唐代义净三藏法师所译《金光明最胜王经》之"龙花须"。龙花在历代中医本草中鲜有提及,在佛教经卷医书中却频繁出现,但并没有确切的指明龙花是什么。文章通过对本草记载、现代药理研究和语音语义分析,并根据《证类本草》中"产西南诸国"的记载赴云南省和国外缅甸联邦共和国进行实地调研。本研究认为南药龙花是藤黄科植物铁力木Mesua ferrea的花药。铁力木花是我国少数民族传统医学,尤其是维医和傣医的常用药,其民族语意思也为"龙花",藏医以锦葵科植物木棉Bombax ceiba的花丝作为龙花入药,但藏传佛教和部分藏医本草著作中的龙花描述更近似于铁力木。铁力木花药是缅甸联邦共和国重要的文化植物和传统药物,其巴利语名称含义也为"龙花"。

The Nanyao“Long-hua(Dragon Flower)”,which could be traced to the“Nagakesara”in“Suvarna Prabhasa Uttama Raja Sutra”in Tang dynasty,was recorded in the herbal book“Zheng-Lei-Ben-Cao(Classified Materia Medica)“in Song Dynasty.The records of Long-hua were ignored in herbal books while they appeared frequently in Buddhist Sutras.It was not sure that what plant was the original plant of Long-hua.In the present study,we carried the herbal textual research of Long-hua with phonological and semantic analysis,and traditional and pharmacological herbal literatures.Meanwhile,we carried the field survey in Yunnan Province and Republic of the Union of Myanmar,which were the possible origin places of Long-hua,according to“Zheng-Lei-Ben-Cao”.As a result,we concluded that Long-hua was the anthers of the flowers of Mesua ferrea(Guttiferae).The flower of Mesua ferrea was one of the important medicine in Traditional Dai and Uygur Medicine with the meanings of“Dragon Flower”.The filaments of Bombax ceiba(Malvaceae)was used as Long-hua in Traditional Tibetan Medicine while the describe of Long-hua was more similar as Mesua ferrea in some Tibetan Buddhist Sutras and herbal books.In Republic of the Union of Myanmar,Mesua ferrea was named as Nagakashara in Pali and used as one of the most important culture and medicinal plants of the country.