元代妈祖信仰与蒙古族萨满教女神崇拜的历史性互动

The Mazu Belief and Worship of the Goddess of the Mongolian Shamanism Historical Interaction

元代皇帝对妈祖七次册封,表达了元代最高统治者对她的敬仰。元代的妈祖信仰因海运漕粮的成功而兴,蒙古族为首的元朝统治者能推进汉族的妈祖信仰,其根本的文化原因是蒙古族人所信仰的萨满教女神崇拜与海洋女神妈祖信仰两者共有的群体性的精神契合。萨满教女神崇拜的群体性集中表现在蒙古族人传统的天祭、神话传说中;从几则妈祖神话传说中也可以看出妈祖信仰的群体性。妈祖与萨满教女神的良性互动为海上丝绸之路提供了精神支柱。如此,元代为明代中国大航海时代奠定了精神基础。中国的海神历史地定位在妈祖——一位年轻女神的身上,不得不说这是一个引人入胜的历史之谜。我们要从探索中国文化特质的视角来剖析其中的文化奥秘。

The Yuan Dynasty emperor gave Mazu seven canonizations to express admiration for her.The supreme ruler of the Mazu belief in Yuan Dynasty because of the success of shipping grain and Xing.Mazu belief led by the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty rulers can promote the Han nationality,the fundamental reason is the cultural belief of Mongolian Shamanism and the goddess of the sea goddess worship Mazu belief shared by them group spirit.The group concentrated in the performance of the worship of the goddess of Shamanism of Mongolian traditional festival days,myths and legends;from several Mazu myths and legends can be seen in the group.The interaction of Mazu Mazu belief and Shamanism goddess provides spiritual pillar for the maritime silk road.So,the development of Yuan Dynasty the spiritual foundation for the Ming Dynasty Chinese navigation era.This is a very historical mystery to named Mazu as the God of the sea in China.We must explore the characteristics of Chinese culture from the perspective of the cultural perspective to analyze the mystery.