越南中部顺化明乡的天后信仰与中越文化交融

Mazu Belief in Hue Ming Township in Central Vietnam and the Blending of Chinese and Vietnamese Cultures

17世纪明清鼎革之际,大量华人下南洋,他们抵达南洋的首站是越南,如果越南呆不下就继续前往其他东南亚国家。当时赴越南的华人有相当一部分被安置在中部顺化地区附近,他们念念不忘明朝,在当地组成明香(乡)社,维持母国的传统文化和民间信仰,天后(妈祖)信仰是其中最突出的信仰。不过,这些明朝遗民们后来大多加入了越南国籍、娶了越南妻子、入乡随俗,与当地族群共同生活。在这种共同生活的过程中,中华文化与当地文化接触,逐渐产生了一定的变异,天后(妈祖)信仰也各个方面吸收了越南文化,并形成了富有特色的海外妈祖文化。

At the turn of the Ming and Qing dynasties of the 17 th century,a large number of Chinese descended on Nanyang.The first stop they arrived in Nanyang was Vietnam.If they did not stay,they would move on to other Southeast Asian countries.A considerable part of the Chinese people who went to Vietnam at that time were placed near the Hue area in the middle of the country.They never forget the Ming dynasty and formed the Mingxiang(township)community in the area to maintain the mother country’s traditional culture and folk beliefs.The Tianhou(Mazu)faith is one of the most prominent.However,most of these Ming Dynasty adherents later joined Vietnamese nationality,married Vietnamese wives,followed local customs,and lived with local ethnic groups.In this process of joint living,Chinese culture and local culture have gradually changed.Tianhou(Mazu)faith also absorbed Vietnamese culture in various aspects and formed a distinctive overseas Mazu culture.