香港坪洲岛天后宫的中元建醮考察——聚焦妈祖信仰和先祖祭祀

An Investigation of the Zhongyuan Sacrificial Ceremony in Tianhou Palace, Pingzhou Island, Hong Kong——Focusing on Mazu belief and ancestral sacrifices

在香港坪洲岛的天后宫前,中元节、盂兰盆会、水陆道场等先祖祭祀的仪礼上,也祭祀着与航海和渔业相关的妈祖神。这种将妈祖神和先祖祭祀关联起来的仪礼,在福建莆田文峰宫的中元节,以及清代时进行中日贸易的港口城市长崎都能看到。清国海商笃信妈祖神,在中式寺院进行的以普度为目的的佛教仪礼"盂兰盆会"上也祭祀妈祖神。以上这些地区都在沿海,是在渔业和外贸方面发挥重要作用的地区。在考察妈祖信仰在沿海地区生产共同体的维持、延续方面的作用的同时,也有必要探讨妈祖信仰所代表的海洋民俗文化作为人类文化遗产的价值。

In Tianhou Temple in Pingzhou Island,Hong Kong,the ceremonies of the ancestors,such as the Zhongyuan Festival,the Obon festival,and the Water and Land Sacrificial Ceremony,worship the Mazu gods which is related to navigation and fisheries.This kind of ritual that links the Mazu gods with the ancestors'rituals can be seen in the Zhongyuan Festival in Wenfeng Palace in Putian,Fujian,and in the port city of Nagasaki,where the Sino-Japanese trade was carried out during the Qing Dynasty.The Qing dynasty merchants believe Mazu,and the Buddhist ceremonies for the purpose of Purdue,which was carried out in the Chinese temples,also worship Mazu.These areas are all along the coast and are an important area for fisheries and foreign trade.While examining the role of Mazu belief in the maintenance and continuation of the production community in the coastal areas,it is also necessary to explore the value of the marine folk culture represented by the Mazu belief as a human cultural heritage.