略谈古代东北民族的“圣人无父感天而生”说

Discussion on the Belief“Saints' Father Is Heaven rather than Human”among Ancient Ethnic Groups in Northeast China

"圣人无父,感天而生"说是古代天人观的重要内容,其实质是承认王权的合法性。古代东北民族在追溯其英雄祖先、重构先世史时受汉文化影响,也有很多感生神话载于史籍。这些感生神话是氏族部落图腾崇拜的表现,同时氏族部落通过利用感生神话的神秘观念,承认英雄祖先的合法性,以凝聚和强大氏族部落。随着东北民族入主中原,建立政权,更需利用"天命王权"来确定政权的合法性,借助于天的权威树立君主帝王的权威。

The belief 'Saints' father is heaven rather than human'is an important part of the ancient concept of heaven, and its essence is to recognize the legitimacy of kingship. Influenced by culture of Han ethnic group, there are many induced myths of ancestors among ancient ethnic groups in Northeast China.These induced myths not only reflect prehistorical totem worship, but also recognize the legitimacy of heroic ancestors so that tribal cohesion is enhanced. When those ethnic groups establish regimes in Central Plains,'royal destiny'becomes essential to elicit the legitimacy of the regime and establish the authority of the imperial monarchy.