头孢菌素类与青霉素类抗生素交叉过敏反应的临床观察

Clinical investigation of the cross-hypersensitive reaction between cephalosporins and penicillins

目的 观察头孢菌素类与青霉素类的交叉过敏反应。方法 选择注射使用头孢唑啉、头孢拉定、头孢哌酮、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟等 5种头孢菌素类药物的住院病人 4 6 72例 ,记录其药物及食物过敏史和过敏反应发生情况。结果 在总用药人群中过敏反应 84例 (1 80 % ) ,各药物及性别和各年龄组过敏发生率无显著差异。青霉素过敏史阳性、其它物质过敏史阳性和无过敏史者分别为 316例、16 1例和 4 195例 ,头孢菌素类用药后过敏反应例数分别为 4 4例 (13 92 % )、8例 (4 97% )和 32例 (0 76 % ) ,三组人群头孢菌素类过敏发生率差异极其显著 ,P <0 0 1。结论 头孢菌素类与青霉素之间存在共同过敏和交叉过敏现象 ,交叉过敏反应发生率约 8%。

Objective: To investigate the cross hypersensitive reaction between cephalosporins and penicillins Methods: Drug and diet allergic histories as well as hypersensitive reactions(HSR) were carefully recorded in 4672 inpatients given intravenously cefazolin , cefradine , cefoperazone , ceftriaxone and cefotaxime Results: Eighty four (1 80%) cases with HSR were found among all the patients, sex and age couldn't affect the rate of HSR and there was no difference among the five cephalosporins Among the 316 patients with penicillin allergic history, 161 patients with other allergic history and 4195 patients without allergic history, 44 cases(13 92%), 8 cases(4 97%) and 32 cases(0 76%) with HSR were found respectively after given cephalosporins There was significant difference among the three groups of patients in the rate of HSR, P(0 01 Conclusion: The study suggests that there should be coexistent HSR and cross HSR between cephalosporins and penicillins , and the rate of cross HSR is 8% or so