中国中亚热带荒漠化及其防治

China Central Subtropical Zone Desertification, Prevention and Control

我国中亚热带在自然条件下不会荒漠化。毁林开荒引起的严重水土流失是荒漠化产生、发展的罪魁祸首。荒漠化治理的根本途径是迅速恢复植被。对岩溶区行之有效的方法是进行长期的封禁治理,同时辅以人工补播、补植,且初期只能是灌草;对紫色土,应在水保造林基础上全面封禁;对丘陵红壤区,须通过人工种植重建植被并辅以封禁治理,首选树种是油茶;对低山红壤区,人工造林与封禁治理并举,有望5～10年取得成效;对岷江上游干旱河谷区,应在封禁基础上人工直播灌草,退耕地上也只能栽培灌丛保土。

Under the natural conditions, the central subtropical zone of China is impossible to be desertified. Severe soil and water loss caused by destroying trees and reclamation is the chief culprit of the situation and development of desertification. The fundamental way for desertification control is to quickly rehabilitate vegetation. The effective measures in karst area are to conduct grazing ban for a long period of time and carry out manual replanting, only be shrubs at early stage simultaneously. It should conduct grazing ban in an all-round way based on afforestation for soil and water conservation in a purple soil area. In a hilly red soil area, it should conduct afforestation for rehabilitating vegetation and grazing ban together. The Oiltea Camellia should be firstly selected. In a low-mountain red soil area, it should conduct afforestation and grazing ban together and can achieve success within 5-10 years. In the arid valley of upper stream of Minjiang River, it should conduct direct manual planting shrubs and grasses based on the conditions of grazing ban and the lands lied fallow can only plant shrubs and grasses.