1Cell FS,Silver K,Walston J,et al. Lack of IRS-1 Codon 513 and 972 polymorphism in Pima Indians [ J ]. J Clin Endocr Metab,1995,80(9) :2827-2829.
2Hitman GA, Hawrami K, McCarthy MI,et al. Insulin receptor substratc-1 gene mutations in NIDDM :implications for the study of poiygenic disease [ J ]. Diabetoiogia, 1995,38 (4) :481-486.
3Porzio O,Federici M,Hribal ML,et al. The Gly 972→Arg amino acid polymorphism in IRS-1 impairs insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells[ J]. J Clin Invest, 1999,104(3 ) :357-364.
4Almind K, Inoue G, Pedersen O,et al. A common amino acid polymorphism in insulin receptor substrate-1 causes impaired insulin signaling[ J]. J Clin Invest, 1996,97( 11 ) :2569-2575.
5Celi FS, Negri C, Tanner K, et al. Molecular scanning for mutations in the insulin receptor substrate-1 ( IRS-1 ) gene in Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus [ J ]. Diabetes Metab Res Rev,2000,16(3) :370-377.
6Yoshimura T, Araki E, Ura S, et al. Impact of natural IRS-1 mutations on insulin signals[ J]. Diabetes, 1997,46(6) :929-936.
7Lei HH, Coresh J, Shuldiner AR, et al. Variants of the insulin receptor substrate-1 and fatly acid binding protein 2 gene and the risk of type 2 diabelas,obesity,and hyperinsulinemia in African-Americans[ J ]. Diabetes, 1999,48 (9) : 1868-1872.
8Baroni MG,Arca M,SentineUi F,et al. The G 972 R variant of the insulin receptor substrate-1 ( IRS-1 ) gene, body fat distribution and insulin-resistance[ J]. Diabetologia,2001,44(3 ) :367-372.
9Sigal R j, Dofia A, Warram JH, et al. Codon 972 polymorphism in insulin receptor substrate-1 gene, obseity, and risk of NIDDM[ J ]. J Clin Endocr Metab, 1996,81 (4) : 1657 -1659.
10Carvalho E, Jansson PA, Axelsen M, et al. Low cellular IRS-1 gene and protein expression predict insulin resistance and NIDDM [ J]. FASEB, 1999,13 ( 11 ) :2173-2178.