后路切开复位短节段椎弓根内固定和椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨折

Clinical application of short-segment pedicle instrument and vertebroplasty for thoracolumar fractures

目的 对后路手术治疗塌陷严重的胸腰椎骨折的方法进行改进。 方法 2 1例胸腰椎骨折患者 ,伤椎前缘压缩均 >40 %,应用后路切开复位短节段椎弓根内固定后 ,在C形臂X线机透视下用注射型自固化磷酸钙人工骨经伤椎椎弓根行椎体成形术。所有患者均于术前、术后行X线和CT检查。术后随访 4～ 2 3个月 ,平均 13个月。 结果 2 1例患者手术均获成功 ,术后无神经症状加重或出现新的神经症状者 ,无出现异物反应者 ;术后CT示灌注剂充填不足 4例 ,椎体前缘少量渗漏 4例 ,其余均充填满意 ,无椎管内明显渗漏者。术后随访时疗效均满意 ,无内固定失败及伤椎高度明显丢失者。 结论 后路切开复位短节段椎弓根内固定和椎体成形术为塌陷严重的胸腰椎骨折提供了一种新的治疗方法。

Objective To modify the posterior procedures for severe thoracolumar fractures. Methods Twenty-one patients of thoracolumbar fractures with over 40% of anterior compression were studied. After reduction and fixation with short-segment pedicle instrumentation was performed, the transpedicular vertebroplasty of the fractured vertebrae with injectable self-setting calcium phosphate cement was carried out under fluoroscopic guidance. All patients were checked with X-ray and CT scanning before and after operation. They were followed up for 4-23 months (average 13 months). Results All patients obtained successful surgery without neurological complications or foreign body response. On CT scanning, the fractured vertebrae were well augmented in 13 cases and insufficiently augmented in 4 cases. Slight extrusion of cement into paravertebral tissue occurred in 4 cases without clinical symptoms. All patients were perfectly recovered without notable correction loss or implant failure during the follow-up. Conclusions Reduction and fixation with short-segment pedicle instrumentation followed by vertebroplasty with injectable self-setting calcium phosphate cement is a promising procedure for severe thoracolumbar fractures.