更年期妇女健康和生活质量及其影响因素调查

The investigation of maternal health and live quality and influence factors

目的 :为了解更年期妇女的特殊生理变化和所处的社会环境对她们的健康和生活质量影响 ,探索新世纪更年期保健的模式和方法。方法 :通过两阶段抽样 ,选取代表不同经济文化水平的 3个区县的 40～ 60岁的 2 80 0名妇女作为调查对象 ,收回有效问卷 2 768份。结果 :①在更年期妇女所患的慢性疾病中 ,心血管疾病、胆囊疾病和妇科疾病的患病率较高 ,分别为 19 1%和 10 0 %和 11 3 %。②具有良好睡眠的仅占 5 8 0 % ,失眠的发生率达 9 0 %(5 5岁后达 15 1% )。可能影响睡眠的因素有运动、年龄、居住环境、心理等。③更年期妇女体形肥胖或偏胖占到2 4 1% ,体重较更年期前增加者 ,占 69 3 %。④更年期妇女身高缩短者占 3 4 9% (在绝经后妇女中占 45 0 % ) ,能做到每天都有乳类摄入的仅一半左右 ,可能影响身高缩短的因素有 :睡眠、绝经和乳类摄入。⑤有负性心理状态者占19 0 % ,绝经、社交少、家庭关系不和、婚姻不美满 (丧偶或离婚 )、经济情况差均可能为心理状态差的危险因素。⑥性欲下降或无性欲者占 40 0 %左右。年龄大、绝经、婚姻不满 (离婚丧偶但有性生活 )、家庭关系不和、患心血管或泌尿系统疾病均可能为性生活不和谐的危险因素。结论 :在今后的更年期保健工作中 ,应注意心血管疾病。

Objective: To know special physical change and the influence of social environment on climacteric women health and live quality, and probe into new health care model and method. Methods: Select 2800 cases different economy and culture level women from 40 to 60 in three counties as investigation target, the effective answers are 2768 . Results: (1) The incidence of cardiovascular disease, gallbladder disease and gynecologic disease are higher, 19.1%,10.0% and 11.3%.(2) Better sleeping is 58.0%,insomnia is 9 0%(15 1% after 55 years old).The possible effect factor of sleeping are moving, age, environment and mental etc.(3) The fat id 24%, the increased weight is 69 3%.(4) The decreased height is 34 9%,everyday milk intake is only 50%,the possible effect factors of height are sleeping, menopause and milk intake.(5) The negative mental situation is 19 0%, menopause, less social association, worse family relationship and marriage. Worse economic situation are the risk factors of worse mental situation.(6) Decreased or no sex desire is 40 0%, old, menopause dissatisfactory marriage ,worse family relationship, cardiovascular or urine disease may be the risk factors of unharmonious sex living. Conclusion: In climacteric health care should pay attention to the prevention and health care of cardiovascular, gallbladder and gynecological diseases, develop nutrition consult.