试论汉赋对《史记》创作的影响

The Influence of Descriptive prose in Han Dynasty on the Writing of The Records of the Historian

司马迁著成伟大的史学名著《史记》 ,不仅得益于西汉武帝时期政治、经济强盛的社会条件 ,承袭了先秦以来史学发展积累的成就 ,而且还从西汉大赋的精神气度、文章结构、创作手法获得启示与借鉴。大赋在西汉十分兴盛 ,备受统治者青睐 ,司马迁也极其推重大赋。《史记》的创作学习了大赋“控引天地 ,错综古今”和“包括宇宙 ,总览人物”的恢宏气势 ,借鉴了大赋有系统地归类式描述结构 ,也受到大赋夸饰、渲染写作文风的影响。这些都是史学界尚未探讨而应当引为注意的。

In writing his great work The Records of the Historian, Sima Qian benefited from the social conditions of politically and economically strong Han Dynasty in the reign of Emperor Wu Di. He not only inherited the accumulative historical achievements since Qin, but also got instructions and enlightenment from Descriptive prose in Han Dynasty in its manner, spirit, structure and creative art. Descriptive prose flourished in Western Han and was favored by the upper classes. Sima Qian loved Descriptive prose as well. Descriptive prose in Han Dynasty influenced the creation of The Records of the Historian in its grand style, systematically classifying structure of description, exaggerated account way. These are open questions to be explored.