开放中有所恪守 对话中有所建构——关于文学理论学科建设的一点思索

Identity,Ontology,and Creativity:Literary Theory in an Age of Dialogue ——On the Disciplinary Construction of Literary Theory

文学理论的现代性,文学理论在新的文化语境中的生存方式与发育方向,已成为文学理论学科建设与深化的迫切命题。作为一门人文学科的文艺学,应积极涵养"复调意识",力求在多元对话中有所推进;而处于学术发育失衡状态之中的我国文论,应大力加强文学理论核心命题研究,力求在深度开采中有所建构。既要开放胸怀,拓展眼界,从一个国度一个地区的框架中走出去,从那种不是"言必称希腊"就是"言必称罗马"非此即彼择一而从的思维定势中走出去;又要恪守阵地,坚守本位,既抵抗一味"载道"的"亚文论"对文学之自主自立自律的践踏,也抵抗一味"行道"的"大文论"对文学理论核心命题的疏离。这就需要对文学理论本身的发育状况也加以批判性思考,需要对文论史上各种形态的文论在文学本体研究中的重要建树与主要局限加以系统清理,需要对文学理论轴心环节的思想成果加以深度检阅。

Scholars in the field of literary theory have to face the major and instant issues to which the reorientation of literary theory is concerned,such as those of the modernity of literary theory,its way of existence and the direction it will take in the newly emerging cultural context. Being a humanistic discipline,literary theory endeavours actively to join in the 'polyphonic' dialogue,so as to expect further development. However,the status quo of the literary theory as a discipline in China remains genetically unballanced,in which the key theoretical propositions require further studies. The scholars who are openminded as well as with wideranging eyesight will feel no reluctance to move out constantly from the monophonic theoretical framework of this or that country or region,or from the given dualistic thinking patterns,without demolishing their own cultural identity and the literary autonomy. This requires critical and thorough studies on the developmental status of literary theory,as well as systematical ordering of the major contributions to,or the major limitations in,the studies in literary ontology,of various kinds of literary theories occurred in the developmental process of literary theory.