民族地区乡村技术体系与技术传播过程初探

On the Technological System and Technical Dissemination Process in Ethnic Rural Areas

人们往往把民族地区乡村的主要生产技术体系分为两种:一是直接利用自然资源的技术体系。二是通过某种转化过程来利用自然资源的技术体系。本文认为,在通过管理来有效配置生产要素的情况下,还可以识别出第三种生产技术体系即组织管理技术体系。改革开放以来,民族地区乡村的前两种生产技术体系在发生变化,第三种生产技术体系开始出现。生产技术体系的这种创新,是民族地区走出低水平均衡的基本出路。从影响民族地区农牧民接受新技术的因素出发,结合对技术推广体系的研究,可以寻找到促进民族地区乡村技术创新和进步的突破口。

Roughly speaking, the main existing technological systems of rural minority areas can be divided into two types: one system which exploits natural resources directly; and the other exploits natural resources through some kinds of transforming processes. Of course, we will be able to identify third technological system, i. e. , organizational and management system, wherever there are needs for organization and management to allocate productive factors effectively. From 1978 to now, the first two technological systems are changing and the third system is emerging. These kinds of innovations in technological systems are the basic outlets for rural minority areas to get rid of their equilibrium traps at a very low level. In my opinion, we can lay some useful bases for promoting the technological innovations and progresses in rural minority areas through both of the researches on those factors that affect neo-technology adoption processes of farmers and herds and the researches on the technology promotion systems in rural minority areas.