降解石油微生物菌种的筛选及降解特性

Microorganism screening for petroleum degradation and its degrading characteristics

从辽河油田的渣油中富集分离出24株细菌,经初步降解试验,筛选出对原油降解率高于30%的菌株10株;并进一步研究了其中8株菌对渣油不同组分的降解能力.结果表明,原油中不同组分可被降解的程度不同,其中,芳香烃的降解率可达80%;沥青质的最高降解率为53%;饱和烃的最高降解率为37%;非烃的最高降解率为30%;GC-MS分析表明,饱和烃中的环己烷、长链烷基苯和二环烷系列均能被明显降解,芳香烃中的烷基萘系列经降解后几乎消失,三环的菲和甲基菲以及五环的苯并芘降解不明显;其次,不同菌对各组分的的降解能力也显著不同.菌株初步鉴定结果表明,降解力强,尤其对非烃和沥青质降解效果较好的ptr15和ptr20分别为芽孢杆菌和微杆菌,其对沥青质的降解效果高于目前已有的报道.

bacteria strains were isolated from residual oil of Liaohe oil-field. With preliminary degradation test, 10 of them had degradation rate over 30%; and 8 of them were further studied on their degradation ability of different components of the residual oil. The results showed that different component had different degree of degradation. Their degradation rates were as follows: aromatic hydrocarbon 80%; bitumen 53%; aliphatic hydrocarbon 37%; nonhydrocarbon 30%. GC-MS analysis showed in the aliphatic hydrocarbon, cyclohexane, alkyl benzene and dicycloalkane could be degraded markedly; in the aromatic hydrocarbon, alkyl naphthalene series almost disappeared after degradation; tricycle phenanthrene and penta benzopyrene degraded not markedly. The degrading ability of various bacteria on each component was different markedly. Preliminary results showed that Bacillus ptr15 and Microbacterium ptr20 had high degradation ability, especially had very good degradation effect on nonhydrocarbon and bitumen; and the effect on bitumen was higher than that already reported.