试论古典管理理论的思想前孕

On the Origins of the Classic Administration Theory

古典科学管理理论诞生前先驱们所作的探索 ,为科学管理积累了丰富的思想养料 ,至今未曾引起管理史家足够重视。笔者在对自产业革命以来一个半世纪内实践与理论层面的相关努力进行探究的基础上 ,指出古典科学管理理论至少有三个方面的思想源头 :古典经济学家的思想遗产 ;科学管理先驱们的理性思考 ;职业企业家们的贡献。“科学管理观”作为对以反科学为本质的放任管理和经验管理观的一场“革命” ,主要蕴含三个方面的内容 :对管理是一种独立活动的强调 ;对管理作为一门独立学科的探索 ;开启了管理由凭借特权向依赖专业知识的伟大转变。随着产业革命引发了经济环境的变化、政治自由和放任主义政策的出现、各种社会思潮的碰撞 。

The explorations, made by those pioneers before the birth of the classic administration theory, have accumulated wealthy original ideas for scientific management, but no enough attention has been paid to those ideas by us historians of administration. The author makes an inquiry into the practice and theory in more than one century in the past, and based on this, the author points out that the classic theory has at least three thought sources, namely the legacy of the classic economists, the rational thinking of the pioneers of the scientific administration and the contributions made by those professional enterprisers. As a revolution of the laissez faire administration and administration by experience, which opposes science in nature, the classic administration theory basically contains the following ideas: to lay emphasis on the peculiarities of administration, to take management studies as a peculiar field, and to open the way for a great change of management from managing by privileges to managing by professional knowledge. In the course of environment change caused by production revolution, the realization of political freedom and the policies of market freedom, and what's more the conflicts of different social ideas, the thoughts of scientific administration came into action.