论美国文官制度的三项基本原则——从1883年《彭德尔顿法》谈起

Three Basic Principles of the U. S.Civil Service Established By the Pendleton Act of 1883

1883年美国国会通过的《彭德尔顿法》,在借鉴英国文官制度的基础上,第一次确立了联邦政府人事管理的三项原则:竞争考试、职务常任和政治中立,并将上述三项原则法制化与制度化,成为美国文官制度的基本原则。这既反映出美国文官制度与英国文官制度的传承性,同时也揭示出美国文官制度的独特性。

This article discusses the basic principles of the U S Civil Service by exploring the Pendleton Act of 1883. It is argued that the principles of Competitive Examination, Tenure and Political Neutrality point out the heritage of the American Civil Service from the British Civil Service. At the same time, they reflect the characteristics of the American Civil Service. 