波普尔科学知识观刍论

A Research of Popper’s View of Scientific Knowledge

波普尔科学知识观主要包括 :(1)科学知识的划界。科学知识总是假设的 ,它是猜想的知识 ,假设人们事先能规定一项可证伪理论的判决性实验 ,该理论便是科学的 ;假如拒绝规定潜在证伪者 ,该理论便是伪科学的。(2 )科学知识的生长。新的问题导致创造物或构造物 ,可以把新的客体补充到知识的第三世界中 ,每一个步骤将创造出新的预想不到的事实 ,常常创造出新的反驳。 (3)科学知识的评价和检验。一个理论的好坏不是取决于它已经获得了多少证据的支持 ,而是取决于它的可证伪性程度和它所受到的检验的严峻性程度。确认度与真假无关 ,只是表示人们暂时地接受一个有问题的猜测的合理性程度。

Popper’s view of Knowledge shows in three aspects. The first is the division of scientific knowledge. Scientific knowledge is always hypothetic. Suppose that people can regulate a judging experiment, which can falsify theories. Then the theory is scientific; It is suppose that it is refused to regulate the potential falsifier, then the theory is false scientific. The second is the growing of scientific knowledge. New questions can cause creature or composer, which can add new object to the third world of knowledge. Every step can bring about new and unexpected facts and also new refutation. The last is the evaluation and criterion of scientific knowledge. The criterion of a theory is not the evidence that it has gained, but is the degree of its falsification and the strictness of its testing. Confirmation degree has nothing to do with the true and false, but only shows the appropriateness degree of people,s temporarily accepting a conjecture with questions.