青海湖流域复合生态系统分析

ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF THE QINGHAI LAKE CATCHMENT

青海湖流域是西北半干旱地区一个典型的复合生态系统,它主要由草地、湖泊、沙漠、农田和城镇生态系统复合而成。该系统具有高寒干旱、太阳辐射强,以及交通闭塞、人口少、经济落后等特点,因而抗干扰能力弱、输出水平较低。在气候暖干化条件下,不合理的人类经济活动使该系统暴露出土地沙化、植被退化、湖水位下降、渔业减产和鸟岛生态环境恶化以及潜在的工业污染扩大等一系列的生态环境问题。

Qinghai Lake catchment, a typical complex eco-system in the arid-semiarid region of Northwest China, is compcsed of grass lands,lakes,desert,farm lands,cities and towns. The system is characterized by dry and cold alpine,strong solar radiation,traffic inconveniece,a sparse population and backward econommic conditions, therefore showing a weak capacity of resistance and a lower output. Under warm and dry climatic conditions, the unreasonable human activities cause a series of eco-evironmental degradation, including land desertization, vegetation deterioration, decline of lake level, decrease in fish catch, ecological degradation in Bird Island and potential industrial pollution.