4Peeters AC,Gupta S.Choices in pain management following thoractomv[J].Chest,1999,115:122-124.
5Liu SS,Carpenter RL,Neal JM,et al.Epidural anesthesia and analgesia[J].Anesthesiology,1995,82:1474-1506.
6Kehlet H.Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabiltation[J].Br J Anaesth,1997,78:606-617.
7Brodner G,pogatzki E,Aken Hv,et al.A multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rebabilition in patients undergoing abdominothorscie esophagectomy[J].Anesth Analy,1998,86:228-234.
2WiebalckA,BrodnerG,VanAkenH ,etal.Theeffectsofaddingsufentaniltobupivacaineforpostoperativepatient controlledepiduralanalgesia[].Anesthesia and Analgesia.1997
3Hansen BL,Dahl JB,Rosenberg J,et al.Differential analgesic effects of low-dose epidural morphine and morphine-bupivacaine at rest and during mobilization after major abdominal surgery[].Anesthesia and Analgesia.1992