我国优秀男子跳远运动员助跑最后两步速度变化特征的研究

The Study on Velocity Variations of the Last Two Steps' Approach of Chinese Male Elite Long Jumpers

采用现场定点高速摄影、影片分析以及数理统计等方法,通过对助跑最后第三步和最后第二步速度的变化比较、助跑最后第二步摆动腿支撑阶段的速度变化及其动作结构的分析,得出以下结论:我国优秀男子跳远运动员助跑最后第三步至最后第二步摆动腿着地瞬间呈加速状态,助跑最后第二步摆动腿支撑阶段身体重心水平速度下降较小;助跑最后两步身体重心水平速度呈现出增大的趋势。

Uising high speed camera photography and methods of film analysis, the article, by applying the methods and theory of kinematics and bio-mechanics as well as statistics analysis, made a study on the comparison of velocity variantions between the last two steps, approaching structure and supporting phase of the swinging leg in the last step of approach. The study indicated that when the last step of the swing leg touched the ground, its landing angle tended to become larger but with a relatively small knee angle; the height of body center gravity and the horizontal velocity of the jumpers changed slightly during the buffer phase. However, the horizontal velocity of the body center gravity during the last two steps appeared a increase trend.