冬小麦主要性状的杂种优势测定和遗传分析

Analysis of Heterosis and Heredity of Main Characters in Winter Wheat

选用黄淮南片大面积推广的 5个高产小麦品种与 5个优质小麦品种 ,采用 5×5不完全双列杂交方法 ,研究了株高、单株穗数、主茎穗长、单穗粒数、单株产量和沉降值的杂种优势和遗传特性。结果表明 ,平均优势大小顺序为单株产量 >单株穗数 >主茎穗长 >单穗粒数 >沉降值。从平均优势的方向来看 ,株高、主茎穗长的正向优势所占比例 >>负向优势 ,单株穗数、单穗粒数和单株产量的正向优势所占比例略大于负向优势 ,沉降值的负向优势所占比例 >正向优势。株高、主茎穗长、单穗粒数、单株产量的遗传均受加性基因和非加性基因共同控制 。

The 5×5 incomplete dialled crossing was produced,and the heterosis and heredity of plant height,spikes per plant,spike length,grains per spike,grain yield her plant and sedimentation value were studied.The results showed that the order of the average heterosis was grain yield per plant>spikes per plant>spike length> grains ber spike>sedimentation value.The heterosis exis ted in the plant height and the spke length were positive herterosis >>negative ones The negative heterosis were equal to the positive heterosis that in the spi k es per plant,grains per spikes and grain yeile ber plant,the heterosis existed i n sedimentation value were negative heterosis <<positive heterosis.Plant height , spikes length,grains per spike and grain yield per plant were controlled by both additive and non additive gene effects.Sedimentation value were controlled mai nly by additive gene effects.