柽柳属植物抗旱性能研究及其应用潜力评价

Study on Drought-resisting Mechanism of Tamrix L. and Assessing of Its Potential Application

柽柳属植物普遍具抗旱性能,以沙生柽柳为最强。作者从生物生态学特性、水分生理状况及抗水分胁迫的生理机制3方面系统地探讨了柽柳属植物抗旱机制。柽柳叶、营养枝及根、茎的解剖结构均表明,柽柳已形成了一系列适应于干旱环境的旱性器官。柽柳抗旱性能越强,则水势越低,持水力越强。当缓慢水分胁迫时,柽柳体内有脯氨酸、可溶性糖、K+、Na+的主动积累,共同参与渗透调节。对柽柳抗旱性能的应用潜力进行了评价,指出柽柳是优良防风固沙树种,其柽柳包的"年轮"对揭示当时的生态环境及荒漠环境演变有一定的指示作用。仅分布于流沙地区的沙生柽柳可作为沙漠中的"水源标记"。柽柳具优良的抗逆基因,通过基因工程克隆柽柳抗逆基因并转移到作物和牧草中,必将在维护生态安全、改造生态环境的同时,获得显著的经济效益。

All species of \%Tamarix\% L. in China have some drought\|resisting ability and, among which, \%Tamarix taklamakanensis \%is the best one. Showed by anatomic evidence of leaf, young branch, stem and root, the plant has xerophytic structure for decreasing water loss to adapt arid environment. The higher drought\|resisting ability \%Tamarix\% has, the lower water potential but higher binding water content it has. When water\|stress happened, the contents of Pro, soluble sugar, K＋and Na＋increased greatly and participate together in modulating osmotic pressure. \%Tamarix\% is one kind of excellent sand\|fixing plants in northeastern part of China and plays an important role in maintaining stable ecological environment. The growth ring of \%Tamarix\% pile has some potential utilization in indicating local circumstance of the day and environmental evolvement of arid or semi\|arid zone. Furthermore, \%Tamarix\% has valuable drought\|related genes and can provide a potential application for deeper utilization through genic project.