基于遥感与GIS的黄土丘陵区生态监测系统研究——以定西地区4县为例

Study on Ecological Monitoring System for Loess Hilly Region Using Remote Sensing and GIS-Application in Four Counties of Dingxi Prefecture, Gansu Province

基于遥感和GIS技术建立的甘肃中部黄土丘陵重点地区生态环境监测系统的初步监测结果表明,近10a来定西4县黄土丘陵区土地利用/土地覆盖变化显著。其中:增加最为显著的是菜地和果园,分别增加了275%和164%,说明试验区农业产业结构有较大的调整,即从单一的粮食生产转为与经济作物相结合的模式;减少最为显著的是河流和宜林宜草荒地,分别减少了68%、63%和67%,说明该地区对未利用土地的开发程度较大;该地区多年来推行水土保持和退耕还林工作,所以混交林和防护林增加的幅度较大,分别增加了43%和46%;该地区的连续建筑用地、分散建筑用地和交通用地都有较大幅度的增加,分别增加了34%、13%和21%,说明该地区经济的迅速发展和城市化的趋势。遥感与GIS为生态监测系统的建立与应用提供了丰富的数据源和强大的数据处理手段。

Loess hilly region is one of the most serious water and soil loss areas in China. This paper is the primary design and application study on the ecological environment monitoring system. It could provide the helps and information for the managing and deciding departments such as agriculture, forest, land, and water conservation. It is also the experiment and demonstration of Gansu Provinces ecological environmental investigation and monitor in large scale and high speed. Now a lot of works have been carried through. The basic background data have been collected and digitalized. Most of the satellite images interpretation works have been finished and a lot of monitoring results have been calculated. In the near ten years, the land\|use and land\|cover in four counties of Dingxi, Gansu province changed markedly. The most distinctly increasing types are vegetable land and fruit land which increased by 275% and 164% in order. It shows that the agricultural industrial structure of the region has been adjusted in high degree and has transformed from the single grain production to the combination of grain and economical crop production. The bare land decreased markedly with more than sixty percent, which shows that the wasteland has been developed in high degree. Because the water and soil conservation and the returning crop plot to forest projects have been popularized widely, the mixed forest and shelter forest increased by 43% and 46%. The city, town, and traffic areas increased by 34%, 13%, and 21% respectively, which roots in the ecology development and shows that there is the trend of urbanization.