共轭聚合物膜的渗透汽化性能及应用

PERVAPORATION OF THE CONJUGATED POLYMER MEMBRANES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

论述了大π键共轭聚合物膜的渗透汽化性能和应用,讨论了掺杂和去掺杂态聚苯胺膜、聚(3-甲基噻吩)和聚(N-甲基吡咯)膜对水、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇的渗透汽化性能以及它们与水的混合液的分离性能。指出掺杂态聚苯胺膜呈亲水性,有利于醇类的渗透;而去掺杂态聚苯胺膜呈疏水性,有利于有机酸类的渗透。聚丙烯酸/聚苯胺及聚酰亚胺预聚体/聚苯胺共混膜对混合液体都具有较好的分离性能,其中的大分子酸会对聚苯胺链节进行掺杂,能有效地克服盐酸小分子掺杂剂易于损失的缺点。共轭聚合物膜可望应用于醇/水混合液、有机酸/水混合液、多组分混合液的分离。

Pervaporation of n-conjugated polymer membranes and their applications are elaborated. Pervaporation of polyini-line, poly(3-methyl-thiophene) and poly(N-methyl-pyrrole) membranes to water, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and the separation performance for the mixtures of their aqueous solutions are discussed. It is pointed out that the doped polyaniline membrane is relatively hydrophilic and in favor of the permeation of alcohols, while the undoped polyaniline membrane is hydrophobic and in favor of the permeation of organic acids. The membranes made of polyacrylic acid/polyaniline blends and polyimide prepolymer/polyaniline blends have better separation properties for several liquid mixtures. In these circumstances the chain of polyaniline would be doped by the macromolecular acids, thus eliminating the leaching of small molecular dopant hydrochloric acid. Conjugated polymers exhibit the widely potential application in the separation of mixtures of alcohol/water, organic acid/water and mul-ticomponent systems.