司马迁与班固眼中的司马相如——两汉文人的价值观演化之管窥

Sima-qian, Ban Gu and Sima-xiang ru -Restricted Review on the Valuable Point of Scholar-Officals of Western and Eastern Han

从《史记》与《汉书》中关于司马相如的记载来看,班固作《司马相如传》虽然基本上是《史记》的照录,但他对相如的评价与司马迁并不相同。司马迁认为相如赋虽多虚辞滥说,但功在讽谏,合于《诗》道;班固则否认相如赋的讽谏功用,尽管如此,他却认为靡丽文章也有传名后世的价值。两人对相如的不同评价反映了两汉文人价值观念的演化。《史记·司马相如传》是第一篇以辞赋作品为主体的史传,而将司马相如视为文学家而立传者则是班固。

Comparing (Han Shu) with (Shi Ji), although Ban Gu almost copied (Sima-xiang yu Zhuang) from Sima-qiang, he had a different appraisement. Sima-qian appreciated the critical function of the 'fu' written by Sima-xiang ru and pointed out that extravagant in words was its shortcoming. Ban Gu negated the functioning critics of Sima-xiang ru's work and considered that xiang ru's 'fu' with the characteristics of extravagant in words was still valuable. The different views of the two historians is a reflection of the evolution of the scholar-officials' valuable-point during Western and Eastern Han. Sima-qian is the first historian who makes a biography of Sima-xiang ru and Ban Gu takes xiang ru as a literary and art scholar-official in his historical work.