中国社会保障的理念基础

Principle Basis of Social Security in China

目前中国社会保障研究中最缺乏的是理念,但值得注意的是,最近出现了一些理念比较清晰,也比较有代表性的理论,它们分别是:效率主义、平等主义和社会公正原则。效率主义认为在中国不能企图建立统一的社会保障体制,其经济动机是短期的,战略目标是错误的,财政上是无法持续的,而且自损中国国际竞争力。平等主义认为社会保障要实行"平等主义"原则,范围扩及全民,所有中国公民凡是生活处于困难时都应该"一视同仁"地得到国家的帮助。而"基础整合的社会保障体系"则是以社会公正为理念基础的,其内容是守住底线,卫生保健;强化服务,就业优先;依托社区,城乡统揽。

At present, we lack idea in social security research, but recently we have noticed that some theories with clearer ideas and more typical appear ance, Such as Efficiencism, Equalitism and the social justice principle. Efficienism thinks we can't establish unified social security system in China, because the economic intention of the unified social security system is short-term, its strategic aim is wrong, it can't continue in finance, and it can reduce Chinese international competitive power. Equalitism argues social security ought to practise social justice principle, necessities assuring all Chinese citizens should equally receive nation's help when their life is difficult. The ideal basis of the basic integrational social security system is social justice, the contents are health assurance; strengthening service, giving priority to employment; relying on community, planning as a whole for cities and villages.