近现代日本韩国的文化转型与儒学遭遇——以东西文化互动为背景看东亚模式

The Cultural Change and Confucian Experience in Japan and Republic Korea in Modern and Contemporary Times-To Look at the East Asia Model under the Background of the Eastern and Western Cultures' Interaction

儒学在日本近代经历了明治初期启蒙思想的批判、西化浪潮的冲击,以及中期执政者关于文教方针和治国方略的选择,最后被确立为日本国民道德的基础并被保存下来,表现了对社会政治的极大适应性。它与天皇绝对主义政权结合的结果,导致了日本在二战中的悲剧。二战后,儒学传统也中断了,但这种中断只是中断了它与带有封建专制特色的天皇制绝对主义政策的联系。战后东亚的奇迹,日本的儒家文化背景又发挥了积极的作用。在传统社会与现代社会的衔接方式上,韩国与日本的不同在于:韩国儒学在一定时期是在政府扶植保护之下,作为官方的、与佛教相抗衡的正统意识形态被引进的。韩国儒学在经历历史性的中断后,能否获得劫后新生,在于如何重新开发和利用。

Confucianism had gone through critique of elementary thought in Meiji stage, shock of westernization and the governor's choice about culture and education and state affairs in the middle stage, finally, was held as the basis of Japanese morals, which expressed great versatility to social politics. The connection of Confucianism and Mikado absolutism resulted in the sad event of Japan in the Second World War. Afterwards, the feudal autocracy tradition of Confucianism broke off. Confucianism played initiative part in the wonders of East Asia. In respect of connective mode of traditional and modern societies, the difference between Japan and Republic Korea existed in that Confucianism of Republic Korea was imported as official ideology under the protection of government in a certain stage. Whether could Confucianism of Republic Korea obtain new life after broken? The key is how to re-develop and re-use Confucianism.