新疆的南华系及我国南华系的几个地质问题——纪念恩师王曰伦先生诞辰一百周年

The Nanhua System of Xinjiang and some Geological Issues of Nanhua System in China

新疆的南华系广泛发育在库鲁克塔格、柯坪、西天山及塔里木西南部地区,以库鲁克塔格地区层序最为完整。本文作者对该区晚元古界的冰期划分提出了新的认识,认为该区新元古界共有四次冰川活动(共可划分为4个冰期和3个间冰期)。其中南华系有三次冰川活动(三个冰期和两个间冰期)的沉积,自下而上为贝义西冰期(第一冰期)、照壁山间冰期(第一间冰期)、阿勒通沟冰期(第二冰期)、"黄羊沟间冰期(第二间冰期)"和特瑞爱肯冰期(第三冰期);另外属于震旦纪的还有,扎摩克提组、育肯沟组、水泉组(第三间冰期),汉格尔乔克冰期(第四冰期)。作者认为我国南华系的时限应大体为680～850Ma。在我国北方亦有南华纪的地层存在,如辽东的桥头组、长岭子组、营城子组等及山东东部的辅子夼组、马山组等,但迄今尚未发现有可靠的冰成岩的报道。华北地区的罗圈组、正目观组、红铁沟组的冰碛层均属于震旦纪末罗圈冰期的冰川活动,与汉格尔乔克冰期相当,并不相当于华南南华纪晚期的南沱冰期。

Nanhua System widely distributes in kuluketage, Keping, western part of Tienshan Mt. and south west part of Talim of Xinjiang. According to the authors'new idea, 4 glacier activities in Neoproterozoic Era can be subdivided into four glacial stages and three interglacial stages. Three of them are in Nanhua System, form lower to upper they are as fallow: Beiyixi glacial stage (the first glacial stage), Zhaobishan interglacial stage (the first interglacial stage ), Altonggou glacial stage (the second glacial stage),Huangyanggou interglacial stage(the second interglacial stage), Tereiaiken glacial stage (the thired glacial stage); Zhamoketi Formation, Yukengou Formation ,Shuiquan Formation(the third interglacial stage) and Hangeerqiaoke glacial stage (the fourth glacial stage) belong to the late Sinian System. The authors suggest that the age limit of Nanhua System should be within 680～850 Ma in China. The sedimentary strata of Nanhua System are distributed in North China also, Which exposes in east part of Liaoning, Shandong and Henan Province. But the glaciogenic rocks have not been discovered in those area. The Luoquan Formation (Tillite), Hongtiegou Formation (Tillite) and Zhengmuguan Formation (Tillite) in North China , which belong to the glacial stage of Late Sinian, can be correlated with Hangeerqeaoke glacial stage in Kuluketage of Xinjiang. But it cannot be equivalent of the Nantuo glacial stage of Nanhua System in South China.