典型论在“十七年”及“文革”时期的演化与论争

The Change and Confliction of Representative Theory in the "Seventeen Years"and "Culture Revolution

本文阐述了从五十年代至七十年代中国小说创作及小说理论史的曲折展开,并首次以“更典型论”对这一时期主流的小说创作理论作出了概括。文章阐述了“更典型论”的兴起原因,以及因之而导致了散文化、诗化体式的小说创作主张的败北,并形成了对路翎小说的批判,以及对《青春之歌》及茹志鹃小说的批评等种种情状。进而,文章又阐述了“更典型论”在战胜了邵荃麟的“中间人物”论与“现实主义深化”论,以及何其芳的典型理论后继续向前冲,而在七十年代达到了它统治势力的顶点,同时在内涵上也就跌落到了它的最低点的过程。

This paper explicates the history of Chinese novel writing and novel theories from the 50s to 70s, and uses 'more representative theory'to describe the mainstream novel writing in that period. It explains the reasons for the emergence of this theory, which leads to the failure of the some arguments, and the critique towards the novels of Lu Ling, Ru Zhijuan and the novel, SONG OF YOUTH. Furthermore, after defeating the 'middleman'and the 'deepened realism'theories of Zhoa Quanlin and the representative theory of He Qifang, this theory got to the summit of its domination in the 70s. In the mean time, it fell to the bottom in its content.