蛋白质组学技术在人体简单系统蛋白质全谱检测的应用

Application of proteomics-based approaches in human simple tissue protein mapping

蛋白质作为生物体最基本的功能单位 ,一直被看作是开启生命奥秘的金钥匙。但由于其数量巨大、种类繁多、结构复杂、功能变化莫测 ,使人们对它的研究始终难以有突破性的进展。能够像研究基因组那样大批量研究蛋白质即绘制人体蛋白质图谱一直是科学家努力的目标。但由于方法的局限 ,过去的蛋白组学研究通常集中在用比较蛋白组学的分析方法去研究人体蛋白。随着蛋白组学分离技术 (二维电泳、质谱等 )的不断改进与提高 ,人体简单系统蛋白质全谱的检测已成为可能。通过对目前蛋白质全谱研究最为全面的脑脊液、尿液及唾液检测技术的分析介绍 。

Since proteins are the most basal functional units of life, they have always been taken as a gold key to unlock the life arcanum. Along with post genomics time coming, proteomics based approaches, which investigate the expressed proteins of a tissue or cell, have been increasingly used in many biomedical fields. Proteomics analysis involves the systematic separation, identification and characterisation of proteins present in a biological sample. But concerning the proteins great quantities?numerous varieties?complicated structures and diversified functions, it is quite difficult to map them in a cell or tissue. In the last few years, comparative proteomics bases approaches have been the main methods to examine the human proteins. By comparing the protein present in diseased samples with those present in normal samples, it is possible to identify changes in expression of proteins that potentially related to organ toxicity. But protein mapping in the entire cell and tissue is very important to the control of the gene expression, Cell Communication and Control. Fortunately, with the improvement of proteomics based approaches (Two dimensional gel electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry), it is also possible to map human simple issue proteins. This review describes the underlying technology and illustrates mapping of human CSF , urine and saliva, which can give some references for the future researches.