张士镉污染区成年妇女肾功能状况追踪观察

Follow-up Study on Renal Function of Adult Women in Zhangshi Cadmium-Polluted Irrigated Area

目的对沈阳张士镉污染区成年妇女的尿镉和肾功能状况进行追踪观察。方法于1982、1987、1992、2001年4次对镉污染区成年妇女进行了镉体负荷和肾功能状况调查。分别测定了污染区和对照区成年妇女的尿镉含量、尿低分子蛋白、尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)含量、尿碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)活性。结果1982、1987、1992、2001年污染区成年妇女尿镉含量分别为21.66、11.09、3.15、3.32mg/L,明显高于相应的对照区妇女尿镉含量(3.06、4.29、0.78、0.72mg/L)。表明停止食用含镉稻米后,从1982～1992年污染区成年妇女尿镉含量随时间不断下降,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。1982年污染区妇女尿低分子蛋白检出率明显高于对照组,表明部分妇女已发生了肾功能损害。到1987年污染区妇女尿β2-MG和ALP活性仍明显高于对照区。然而到1992年时,污染区妇女尿β2-MG含量和ALP活性和对照区差异无显著性(P>0.05)。1992年和2001年污染区妇女尿NAG活性和对照区比,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。2001年污染区妇女尿β2-MG含量和对照区差异也无显著性(P>0.05)。结论1982和1987年张士镉污染区成年妇女由于摄入含镉稻米,使体内镉蓄积量增高,肾功能也发生一定的损害。当停止摄入镉后,经过10a,污染区成年妇女体内镉蓄积量逐渐下降,?

Objective The follow-up study on the urinary cadmium content and renal function state in adult women was carried out in the Zhangshi irrigated area polluted by cadmium.Methods The surveillence of body burden of cadmium and re-nal function state in adult women in Zhangshi irrigated area polluted by cadmium was carried out in1982,1987,1992and2001.The cadmium,low molecular weight protein,β 2 -microglobulin(β 2 -MG),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and enzymes N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase(NAG)in the urine of adult women in cadmium-polluted and control areas were determined.Re -sults In1982,1987,1992and2001the urinary cadmium contents were21.66,11.09,3.15and3.32mg /L,in women of cad-mium-polluted area respectively,and they were much higher than those in control areas,where the4corresponding indices in women were3.06,4.290.78and0.72mg /L respectively.Following cessation of cadmium exposure,the urinary cadmium con-tents decreased gradually and significantly(P<0.05)with the time.In1982,the positive rate of low molecular weight protein in the urine of women in cadmium polluted area was significantly higher than that of control,indicating that the renal disfunction had appeared in the part of women.In1987,the urinaryβ 2 -MG contents and ALP activities of women in cadmium polluted area were also higher than those of control significantly.In1992,however,the urinaryβ 2 -MG and ALP were not significant different between the cadmium polluted and control areas(P>0.05).In1992and2001the urinary NAG activities in women in cadmium-polluted area were also not significant different from that in the control area(P>0.05).In2001the urinaryβ 2 -MG contents in cadmium-polluted area were also not significant different from that of the control area.Con clusion The present study indi cated that the renal disfunction had appeared in the part of women in cadmium-polluted area became of increased body burden of cad-mium induced by over-in taking cadmium from rice in1982and1987.However,the body burden of cadmium decreased and the renal function ameliorated and recovered gradually in women of cadmium polluted area following cessation of the intake of rice containing cadmium.