中华蜜蜂群体越冬及数量动态特征

Overwintering and size dynamic characters of Apis cerana cerana

1998～ 2 0 0 3年在皖南山区和皖西大别山区对中华蜜蜂 (Apisceranacerana)群体越冬及数量动态特征进行了系统观察研究 .结果表明 ,中蜂越冬蜂团中心温度与外界环境温度日变化同步 ,伴随着越冬蜂群群势下降 ,越冬蜂团中心温度和相对湿度波动范围增大 ,蜂群越冬稳定性下降 .旧法饲养比新法饲养中蜂蜂群越冬稳定性强 .秋季培育适龄越冬蜂的蜂群 ,工蜂腺体处于发育初期 ,越冬期蜂群群势下降率低 ,越冬安静 ,饲料消耗率低 ,越冬稳定性强 ,幽王断子提高了适龄越冬蜂数量和质量 ,蜂群内年龄组配在不断变化 .在新法饲养中蜂季节性管理中 ,必须采取培育适龄越冬蜂并适时幽王断子的技术措施 .

A systematic observation and research was conducted on the overwintering and size dynamic characters of Apis cerana cerana at south and west mountaneous area of Anhui Province in 1998～2003. The results showed that the center temperature of overwintering bee flock changed synchronously with the outside temperature. With the decrease of overwintering bee colony, its center temperature and relative humidity ranged widely ,and stably descended. Overwintering flocks fed by old method had a high stability than that fed new one.Among overwintering bee bred in Autumn,the glands of work bee were in initial stage, the descending rate of colony was low,the bee colony kept in quiet,the forage consumption was small,and the colony kept in high stability.Cutting off offspring by imprisonment improved the quantity and quality of right age overwintering bee,and the age structure of each bee population was variable.Under new feeding method of Apis cerana cerana seasonal management,the skill of breeding right age overwintering bee flock and the cutting off offspring by imprisonment should be undertaken.