关于优化我国原油资源配置的探讨

How China Optimizes Allocation of Crude Resources

为满足国民经济发展对石油产品的需求,2O05年和2010年我国原油加工能力需分别达到28500万吨和33500万吨,原油进口量将分别达到9000万吨和15500万吨,其中含硫原油进口量将分别达到690O万吨和1090O万吨。目前我国原油资源配置存在的主要问题是:炼油企业平均规模偏小,集中度低,开工负荷低;含硫原油加工能力较低;原油及成品油储运设施建设滞后;体制因素制约原油资源的合理配置。为此,需要调整原油流向,优化资源配置;适时建设原油管线和深水码头,配套完善原油储运设施;强化成品油销售网络的配套建设,提高油品营销的竞争力。优化原油资源配置应采取的具体措施是:(1)加强质量和环保的监督力度,“十五”期间基本关停国内100万吨以下的小炼油厂;(2)对规模为100万吨以上至500万吨的炼油厂,要发展特色产品;(3)对一些有竞争能力的企业进行系统的综合配套并适当进行改扩建,建成一批千万吨级原油加工特别是含硫原油加工基地。

To satisfy the demand of the national economic growth for oil products, China's crude processing capacity is expected to reach 285 million tons in 2005 and 335 million tons in 2010 respectively. Meanwhile, the crude imports will reach 90 million tons and 135 million tons. Of those imports, the sulfur crude oil will rise to 69 million tons and 109 million tons respectively. There are currently some main issues existing in China's allocation of crude resources. The average scale of oil refining enterprises is relatively small with a low concentration and operating rate. The processing capacity for sulfur crude is inadequate with construction of transmission and storage facilities falling behind. The factors of the organizational system have restricted the crude resources from reasonable allocation. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the orientation of crude flow, optimize allocation of the resources, construct appropriate crude pipelines and deepwater wharves, perfect the crude transmission and storage facilities and strengthen construction of oil products marketing network for a higher competitiveness for oil products marketing. The following measures should be taken to optimize allocation of the crude resources: 1) step up supervision on quality and environmental protection and close the small refineries at home with the processing capacity of less than 1 million tons during the 10th Five-year Plan (2001-05) period, 2) develop unique products at the refineries with the capacity between 1 million tons and 5 million tons, and 3) systematically expand some competitive enterprises into the bases with the crude processing capacity of more than 10 million tons, especially those enterprises able to process sulfur crude oil.