雄性不育和可育大麦花药和花粉的细胞学比较研究

Cytological Comparative Studies on Anther and Pollen Grains of Male Sterile and Fertile Barley

本文对大麦雄性不育和可育花药形态和花粉发育进行了细胞胚胎学比较研究,结论如下: 1.可育和不育大麦的花药在外部形态上有明显区别,主要在于不育花药基部成为戟形,且开花时花药变得瘦小。 2.可育大麦的花粉发育类同于一般的禾本科植物。而不育花粉不能发育到二核期,并很快解体形成“无花粉型”花粉;其小孢子和雄配子体发育过程中有几种异常现象:(1)早期发生异常;(2)绒毡层过早退化;(3)属绒毡层解体较晚者,小孢子能发育到二细胞阶段,但形态扭曲,内含物贫乏。 3.可育的药壁发育正常同于单子叶型,直到2细胞花粉粒时期绒毡层才全部退化。而雄性不育药壁发育异常,主要体现在绒毡层早期退化或药壁分化不完全。

This paper reports the cytoembrological comparative studies on the form of anther and pollen development of male sterile and fertile barley. Conclusions are as follows.1 . There are some obvious differences in the anther outer forms between the male fertile and sterile barley. The main difference lies in the basal part of sterile anther which becomes halberd shape and thin and small in florscence.2 . The pollen development of fertile barley is similar to the general development rule of Gramineae, but the sterile pollen can not develop to 2 -celled stage, and they quickly disintegrate to form the 'unpollen type' . There are several unusual phenomena in the development process of the microspore and male gametocyte of the sterile pollen, ( 1 ) The genesis is unusual in the early stage. (2) The tapetum degenerates too early. ( 3 ) If the tapetum degenerats later, the microspore can develop to 2 -celled stage, but microspore has poor contents and crooked formation.3 . The development of fertile anther wall is normal and similar to the monocotyledonous type, and the tapetum degenerated completely until 2 -celled stagej while the development of the male sterile anther wall is abnormal, which mainly embody in the tapetum degenerating too early or the anther wall differentiating imperfectly.