石刁柏花药离体培养及单倍体植株再生的研究

A Study on Isolated Anther Culture of Asparagus and the Haploid Plant Regeneration

1988至1990年进行了石刁柏花药离体培养,将采集不同时期花蕾接种,低温处理,激素配比,花药培养过程中形态学及花粉粒发育途径,愈伤组织诱导及其类型,花药愈伤组织再分化和染色体倍性,单倍体植株的再生及染色体加倍后入土移栽等方面,均做了较深入的研究,并获得了超雄株即纯合二倍体。

From 1988 to 1990, the Asparagus anther was isolated and cultured on MS basal medium with the supplement of 2,4-D mg/L. Good results were achieved, the frequency of anther callus induction reached as high as 40.47%. The anther was placed on MS basal medium with the supplement of BA 0.5mg/L + IBA 0.2mg/L, the frequency of differentiation was 55.11%. In order that the callus was produced from anther as quickly as possible, it was necessary to gather the yellow-green flower buds and the pollen which was near to uninuclear. The pollen that was gathered from mid-April to early May had the highest frequency. The flower bud being pretreated for 6-8 days under the condition of 6C, the anther oviously had the higher frequency of the callus induction. From the observation and the microscope examination, two kinds of callus were discovered. One was friable callus, which was difficult to be differentiated and had few haploidsj the other was compact callus, which was easy to be differentiated. From the result of microscope examination of the regenerated plant apical meristem cells, most of the cells were diploid which took up as much as 61.60%, and hap loid cells(2n= 10)and multi-ploid cells were separated 33.80% and 4.60%. Among the haloid cells,haploid plants took upas as much as 8.90.The plants that had been doubled the chromosome were transplanted, some of them flowered male flowers. This was preliminarily regarded as ultra-male plant (homozygous diploids) which would be the valuable materal in total-male plant breeding.