砂姜黑土的培肥与持续增产研究

A Study on the Improvement of Lime Concretion Black Soil Fertility and Continuous Increase in Yield

在典型砂姜黑土上的六年定位试验证明:每年亩施圈肥2500～5000kg,可显著提高土壤有机质含量,全氮和速效氮有所增加,速效磷含量增高;在各种磷酸盐形态中,铝磷酸盐含量明显增加。施用圈肥的处理,耕层土壤容重降低,有效水含量显著提高,土壤持水曲线与对照处理有明显差别。施用氮磷化肥和无肥对照区,土壤有机质含量没有明显下降,说明砂姜黑土的土壤有机质分解速度是缓慢的。单纯施用氮磷化肥,第一年小麦增产幅度较大,以后小麦产量逐年下降。同时施用圈肥和氮磷化肥,小麦产量逐年呈上升趋势。

The fixed site experiments on the typical lime concretion black soil(LCBS) were carried out for 6 years. The results indicated that yard manure application of 2500-5000 kg/mu/year increased significantly the content of organic matter(OM), total N, rapidly-available N and P. Among the various types of phosphates,Al - P content was raised obviously, the soil volume weight in cultivated layers was lowered and available water content was raised by the manure application.The curve of soil water-holding differed noticeably from that of control.Compared with ck (no fertilization) , the soil OM content decreased insignificantly by continuous application of N and P fertilizers for 6 years. This suggested a slow decomposition of OM in LCBS.The application of N or P fertilizers alone didn't increase wheat yield distinctly,even almost no effects could be noted with the advancing of time. However, the combined application of N and P fertilizers increased wheat yield significantly. The mixture of manure and fertilizer not only resulted in high wheat yield in successive years but also improved the fertility of the soil.