论希腊古典文化繁荣的城市因素

City Factors on the Brilliance of Greek Culture in the Classical Age

希腊古典文化繁荣的原因,一向为中外学者所关注。自20世纪80年代以来,有关此研究的论文日渐增多,但其研究主要集中于奴隶制和奴隶制经济对古代希腊文化发展的影响;奴隶主民主政治对古代希腊文化发展的影响;古代希腊文化与古代东方文化的关系等方面,很少从城市地域空间去观照希腊古典文化繁荣的原因。文章以雅典为例,述论了希腊古典文化繁荣的城市因素:其一,城市集聚了古典文化繁荣的物质基础———工商业经济。城市是工商业经济活动的中心;其二,文化的繁荣必须有相应的文化人才和占有丰富的文化知识资源。城市集聚了古典文化繁荣的文化基础———科学文化知识与人才。雅典城市是城邦广行文化教育与交流活动的重要空间和舞台;其三,城市集聚了古典文化繁荣的政治保障———城邦民主政治的权力机构。城邦民主政治的确立与运作,始终与城市密不可分。由此说明,城市是希腊古典文化繁荣的基石。没有城市,希腊古典文化的繁荣将是不可想象的。

The causes of the boom of classical Greek culture have long received attention from scholars at home and abroad. Particularly since 1980s more and more publications on this subject have appeared.However,most of them focus on the influences of slavery,slavery economy and democracy upon the development of ancient Greek culture,the relation between ancient Greek culture and ancient oriental culture,and so on;few of them approach the subject from city perspective.Taking classical Athens for an example,this thesis aims at expounding on the following city factors which engendered the boom of classical Greek culture:1. It is in the city that businesses gather,which offer material basis for the prosperity of classical culture, the city is the center of industrial and commercial activities;2. The boom of culture requires corresponding talents and rich cultural resources;it is in the city that knowledge and intelligence assemble.Athens is the significant stage for the polis to carry out cultural education and communication activities.3. It is in the city that the institutions of the polis democracy are located,which provide political ensurance for the boom of classical Greek culture.The establishment and operation of the polis democracy are inseparable from the city from the beginning to the end.Hence city is the basis for the boom of classical Greek culture.Without city ,it would be hard to imagine such a brilliance in the history of classical Greece.