从宇宙论寻找人性论的根据——中国古代人性学说的特点

Searching for the Ground of Human Nature Theory from Cosmology

中国古代哲学家多把人的修为、道德教化乃至治国平天下的基础归之于人性的善恶,因而研究人性的根据、善恶的起源便成了中国古代人性学说的基本任务。但是,中国古代的哲学家大多不敢直面社会,而往往把人性归结为外在于社会的天、天道或天理,于是形成了中国古代人性学说的一大特点:从宇宙论寻找人性论的根据。中国古代人性学说的这一特点,突现了一条基本规律:人怎样认识自己就怎样认识世界,怎样认识世界就怎样认识自己。

Ancient Chinese philosophers were most likely to attribute the ground of cultivation,moral build of human beings and even that of ruling a country and bringing the people stability by human beings to the good and evil of human nature.Hence ,to study the ground of human nature and the origin of the good and evil becomes the basic task of the theory of human nature in ancient China.But most of ancient Chinese philosophers dared not to face the society directly and always attributed the human nature to the Heaven,Tao or Reason and which afterwards formed a major character of the theory of human nature in ancient China:search for the ground of the theory of the human nature from the cosmology.The character of this theory of human nature in ancient China showing a fundamental law:how man being recognize himself is what the way to recognize the universe, and how to recognize the universe is what the way to recognize the human being himself.