底泥的氮、磷释放及其微生物影响的研究

THE RELEASE OF PHOSPHOROUS AND NITROGEN FROMSEDIMENT AND THE EFFECTS OF MICROORGANISM

氮和磷在自然界的循环已经引起了人们的关注,一方面因为氮和磷是生态系统中必不可少的营养元素,另一方面过剩的氮和磷会导致水域的富营养化,从而使生态平衡遭受破坏。本文综述了水体沉积物中氮和磷受微生物作用进行释放的影响,以及国内外的研究历史和现状。总结了氮磷微生物代谢的特点,并阐述了与传统认识相区别的最新发现和思想。本文试图从理论上说明微生物的氮磷释放机理,通过生物化学和分子动力的角度解释了细菌对氮磷的吸收和释放,即质子动势理论和Pho调控理论。目前,这一领域研究的热点是为了特殊的使用用途对于高效微生物的分离鉴别和组合培养,和对氮磷代谢的影响因素。

Scientists have paid great attention on the recycle of phosphorous and nitrogen in nature. Although the phosphorous and nitrogen are the indispensable elements for ecosystem, the high nutrient concentration in water bodies will induce eutrophication, and will deteriorate ecosystem. In the paper, the study on the releasing of phosphorous and nitrogen from sediment and the effects of microorganism have been summarized, and the processes of study in the country and abroad. By the sum-up of the characters of microbiological metabolism of N and P, some new ideas and recoveries were found, which identified from the traditional theories. Also the author has tried to solve the mechanics of the release of N and P. The uptake and release affected by bacteria were explained through the theory of biochemistry, include the theory of the proton motive force (PMF) and the Pho regulator. At present, one of the study focuses is the combination screening and isolation of high effective microorganism for special use, and another is the study of factors that influences the metabolism of N and P.