长期雇佣?还是短期雇佣?——以企业人力资本的形成为视点

Long-term Employment of Short-term Employment? -From the Perspective of Manpower Capital of Enterprise

企业特殊人力资本是企业和员工共同投资形成的 ,雇佣双方需要共同分享长期投资收益。长期雇佣从劳动经济学的意义上看 ,是企业和员工共同规避雇佣风险、追求各自收益最大化的结果。企业选择长期雇佣还是短期雇佣 ,与该企业所在的行业部门及企业的资本、技术、劳动力密集程度等直接相关。成本最为节约的雇佣结构应该是分层次的。资本、技术存量较高以及市场稳定的大中型制造企业 ,选择企业人力资本投资 ,形成长期雇佣和企业内部劳动力市场机制 ,是保持企业稳定发展、达成企业目标的有效途径。通过内部劳动力市场 ,企业储存和蓄积了自己必要的特殊人力资本 ,而员工则得到了稳定的职业生涯保障。

With respect to the enterprise the investment of manpower capital is made from the enterprise itself and its personels. Thus the long-term investment return should be shared by the enterprise the employer and its personels the employees; (2) From the view of labour economics, the long-term employment is the resultant of the common interest of the enterprise and its personels for both of them are in the hope of avoiding investment risk and of pursuiting maximum investment return. (3) For choosing the long-term or short-term employment should take (a) what kind of trade that this enterprise belongs to and its capital amount (b) the technological level and status quo of the workforce intensive, and(c) product cost and market demand as key factors into account; (4)the choice of long-term or short-term employment is not monolithic. The structure of the most economized on employment cost should be multileveled. The large and medium-scale manufacturing enterprises with capital and technology highly kept in storage and a stable market demand choosing the long-term employment and forming workforce market system inside enterprises, would be an effective way to keep steady growth and realize its goals. Through the inside labour market, enterprises have stored and accumulated the essential special manpower for their own. On the other hand, the enterprise personels the employees get the security for their working career.