试论金源诗学的尊陶之风

THE GENERAL MOOD OF VENERATION OF TAO YUAN-MING IN POETICS IN THE JIN DYNASTY

陶渊明批评是金源诗学的重要内容。金人往往以陶渊明自况,或以陶诗为标准去评价诗人诗作;与当时的社会历史背景相适应,金人对陶渊明人格精神的评判尤重其"耻事二姓"的忠义和节操;金人还十分精辟地分析了陶诗的现实精神;此外,金人对陶诗的美学品质也作了十分精彩的阐释,并创作了大量的和陶、拟陶、集陶类作品;尊陶与金代战争频繁、社会动荡、世积离乱的社会现实及与此相关的文人心态有密切关联,也与金源诗坛深受苏、黄特别是苏轼的影响密不可分。

Critical review of TAO Yuanming forms an important part of poetics in the Jin dynasty. People in the Jin dynasty tended to compare themselves with TAO Yuanming, or considered TAO's poetry a standard to go by in the evaluation of poets and their works. When they evaluated TAO's personality, they laid much stress on his loyalty and righteousness, which was in accord with the trend of the society of the time. They also made penetrating analysis of the realistic spirit and aesthetical quality of TAO's poems. Besides, in writing poems they tried to learn and imitate TAO's poems in content, rhyme and style. The root causes of all this lie in the reality of the society in the Jin dynasty which were full of wars and upheavals. Also they have something to do with the order of minds of scholars, as well as the influence of SU Shi and HUANG Tingjian, two great poets in the Song dynasty, on the circle of poets.