《诗》、《易》制作年代试考

A TEXTUAL RESEARCH OF THE DATE OF THE COMPLETION OF THE BOOK OF CHANGES AND THE BOOK OF SONGS

《周易》系辞系统之最终编订,当在周代王官之内。要探索《周易》系辞系统的制作年代,必须分清楚系辞(卦、爻辞)的编订年代和系辞(卦、爻辞)所引用的古歌、文献的制作年代。《周易》卦、爻辞所引之古歌、文献,系出自周族旧典,有的年代相当古早;但《易》到西周中晚期(宣王之世)已基本定稿,最晚收入《易》卦爻辞的歌诗、谣谚应不晚于宣王之世。"宣王中兴"与《诗》、《易》文本的编订都有着深刻的内在联系。

The explanation system of the Book of Changes ought to have been completed within the imperial palace of Zhou.In order to find outthe date of the completion of the explanation system of the Book of Changes, a clear distinction must be drawn between the date when the explanations system was completed and the dates when the ancient songs and documents quoted in the explanation were compiled and edited. And these songs and documents were taken from the ancient code and records of the Zhou tribe, some of them date back to much earlier time while the Book of changes had been basically finalized. The dates when the last ancient folk songs and proverbs were included in the explanations can not have been later than the time of Emperor Xuan of the Zhou. There are internal relations between the restoration of Emperor Xuan and the compilation of the text of the Book of Changes.