中国大鲵心脏及主动脉干的解剖学研究

OBSERVATION ON THE HEART AND THE AORTIC TRUNK OF CHINESE ANDRIAS DAVIDIANUS

用血管乳胶色素注射法经中国大鲵动脉干注射后,利用实体显微镜及放大镜对其心脏及血管进行观察、测量及绘图.结果表明:中国大鲵心脏位于体正中线,体腔前部,乌喙骨下方.心脏由心房和心室及静脉窦组成,心房位于体中线偏左,近半圆形,心房尖偏向左后方.心房壁很薄(约0.1mm),以房间隔将心房分成前后两个腔,分别为前心房和后心房,前心房大于后心房,房间隔上有孔洞.心室位于体中线偏右,近圆形,心室尖偏向右后方,心室壁较厚(约5～10mm),房室孔处有4个瓣膜.静脉窦位于心脏背面,略呈三角状囊形,壁很薄.主动脉干由动脉圆锥和主动脉弓组成,动脉圆锥位于近心端,稍膨大.主动脉弓位于远心端,分两支,呈Y型.

The heart and the aortic trunk of Chinese Andrias davidianus were studied by means of injecting the emulsion with coloring material into the aortic trunk,and observed by microscope and magnifying glass,the results show that the heart locates under the coracoid and just on the body midline and in front of the body cavity.The heart is consisted of atria,ventricle and sinus venosus.The atria are on the left of midline,looking like a hemisphere.The apex of atria points to posteriorsinister direction.The walls of atria are very thin.The atria are divided into two cavities by septum interatriale,atrium anterior and atrium posterior.The atrium anterior is bigger than atrium posterior.There are some holes in the septum interatriale.The ventricle is on the right of midline,looking like sphere.The apex of ventricle points to posteriordexter direction.The wall of ventricle is thicker.There are four valvulae on ostium atrioventriculare.The sinus venosus locates on the dorsal side of heart like triangular bursa.The wall of sinus venosus is very thin.The aortic trunk is consisted of conusarteriosus and aortic arch.The former one expands and the latter one branches looking like the letter of 'Y'.