我国短道速滑优秀运动员营养干预研究

Research of Nutritional Intervention on Chinese Elite Speed Skaters

对备战第19届冬奥会的8名优秀短道速滑运动员进行了三次膳食营养调查和体脂成分测定,结果表明膳食改进前,运动员膳食中存在不合理现象,通过采取积极的营养干预措施,运动员学会了科学地选择食物,膳食改进后(第3次营养调查),运动员碳水化合物摄入量增加,蛋白质、脂肪摄入量减少,三大热能营养素的比例达到推荐值要求,运动员膳食结构趋于合理化。同时,运动员的体脂百分比测定数值也下降,合理改善营养不会造成体脂增加。膳食改进后,运动员仍有部分维生素和无机盐摄入量达不到推荐值要求,须通过口服营养品补足。

The purposes of this study were to discover the nutritional level of eight national short track speed skaters' diet during the period of preparing for the 19th Winter Olympic Games,and then to improve the athletes' diet from imbalance to balance by taking nutritional intervention measures such as giving nutritional education to athletes,designing nutritional recipes for them,adjusting the menu and cooking of the athletes' diet,designing prescription of nutriment supplement for them,and so on.The results showed that the athletes' diet worked up to balance after taking nutritional interventional measures. The energy ratios from protein,fat and carbohydrate in the third diet investigation were proper and balanced.At the same time the body fat percentage of those athletes decreased in quantity.In addition, it is necessary for athletes to take some kinds of vitamins and minerals in order to supplement the insufficiency of their diet.